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Many other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area needs expansion. You can help by including to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or respected people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some trustworthiness as a religion in numerous countries, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game people it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers i loved this of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in a web survey run by the governmental transition team obtaining public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard browse around this web-site line on people and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later i was reading this on renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by a company not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive techniques in attending to those it views as trying to suppress them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.